Differential Induction of Innate Immune Responses by Synthetic Lipid A Derivatives*

Differential induction of innate immune responses by synthetic lipid a derivatives.

Recent studies have indicated that lipopolysaccharides (LPS) isolated from particular bacterial strains can bias innate immune responses toward different signal transduction pathways thereby eliciting unique patterns of cytokines. Heterogeneity in the structure of lipid A (the active component of LPS) and possible contaminations with other inflammatory components have made it difficult to confi...

Drosophila Calcineurin Promotes Induction of Innate Immune Responses

The sophisticated adaptive immune system of vertebrates overlies an ancient set of innate immune-response pathways, which have been genetically dissected in Drosophila. Although conserved regulatory pathways have been defined, calcineurin, a Ca(2+)-dependent phosphatase, has not been previously implicated in Drosophila immunity. Calcineurin activates mammalian immune responses by activating the...

Differential Regulation of Interferon Synoviocyte Innate Immune Responses: I

Induction of Innate Immune Response

HCV Innate Immune Responses

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) establishes a persistent infection in more than 70% of infected individuals. This striking ability to evade the powerful innate immune system results from viral interference occurring at several levels of the interferon (IFN) system. There is strong evidence from cell culture experiments that HCV can inhibit the induction of IFNβ by cleaving important proteins in the vir...